Keshavadasa’s Rasikapriya (16th century) in Hindi, also elaborates on the Ashta-nayika.
The classification is detailed in later works like the Dasarupaka (10th century), Sahityadarpana (14th century) and various other treatises on poetics as well as erotic Kamashastra texts like Kuttanimata (8th-9th century) based on courtesans, Panchasayaka, Anangaranga and Smaradipika.
The Ashta-Nayika classification (nayika-bheda) first appears in Natya Shastra (24.210-11), a key Sanskrit treatise on Indian performing arts, authored by Bharata (dated between 2nd century BC and 2nd century AD). As archetypal states of the romantic heroine, it has been used as theme in Indian painting, literature, sculpture as well as Indian classical dance and music.Īs per Ashta Nayika, there are eight nayikas.ġ, Vasakasajja Nayika, (वासकसज्जा नायिका), One dressed up for unionĢ, Virahotkanthita Nayika, (विरहोत्कंठिता नायिका), One distressed by separationģ, Svadhinabhartruka Nayika, (स्वाधीनभर्तृका नायिका), One having her husband in subjectionĤ, Kalahantarita Nayika, (कलहांतरिता नायिका), One separated by quarrelĥ, Khandita Nayika, (खंडिता नायिका), One enraged with her loverĦ, Vipralabdha Nayika, (विप्रलब्धा नायिका), One deceived by her loverħ, Proshitabhartruka Nayika, (प्रोषितभर्तृका नायिका), One with a sojourning husbandĨ, Abhisarika Nayika,( अभिसारिका नायिका), One going to meet her lover The eight nayikas represent eight different states (avastha) in relationship to her hero or nayaka. The Ashta-Nayika is a collective name for eight types of nayikas or heroines as classified by Bharata in his Sanskrit treatise on performing arts – Natya Shastra.
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